Implementing Effective Compliance Programs in Jurisdictions Where the Rule of Law is Weak

Abstract

Multinational organizations increasingly operate in jurisdictions where the rule of law is weak, inconsistently enforced, or subject to political and economic influence. For pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, these environments present heightened risks involving corruption, data integrity, patient safety, and third-party misconduct. While local laws may exist formally, enforcement mechanisms are often unreliable, selective, or compromised, leaving organizations exposed to significant legal, ethical, and reputational harm.