Ecosystem Collapse, Food Insecurity and the United Kingdom: Integrating National Security and Long-term Food System Reform
Abstract
While the United Kingdom (UK) has had an integrated food market since the mid-19th century, food is not a reserved matter following devolution to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. As a result, food policy is increasingly shaped by distinct national frameworks and strategies across the UK. The wider UK food system generated approximately £153 billion in gross value added (GVA) in 2023. Agricultural production formed an important part of that wider system, contributing £14.5 billion of GVA in 2024 (0.56% of total UK GVA), of which England accounted for 73%, Scotland 15%, Wales 8% and Northern Ireland 4%.


